Donald
introduced a new device which is called liquid metal battery. The liquid metal
battery is a new form of energy storage that works by using magnesium for the
top layer and antimony for the bottom layer. He described the evolution of the
liquid metal battery and worked along with another research staff-member,
formed a company to accelerate the rate of progress and the race to manufacture
product. He mentioned that the reason why we need the new device is electricity
demand must be in constant balance with electricity supply, with a giant
battery, we'd be able to address the problem of intermittency. There exist
several advantages for the new device comparing to other battery. The liquid
metal battery can handle the very high temperature rises that come from current
surges. The battery is designed to operate at elevated temperature with minimum
regulation. Secondly, the liquid metal battery is designed to reduce cost by
producing fewer, but they'll be larger. And finally, for human resources, he
mentioned that his work would invent inventors by developing the liquid metal
battery. His introduction enabled us a new way to storage and draw energy.
2016年4月26日星期二
2016年4月14日星期四
Should scientists spend time,money and resources to help people to live 100 years or longer?
Should scientists spend time,money and resources to help people to live 100 years or longer?
In this day and age ,the human society is progressing rapidly on various fronts,there has been a lot of research and development in extending life expectancy, yet in the mean time,several arguments are arisen about whether scientists should spend time, money and resources to help people beat old age.
There are those who feel that scientists should not try to help people beat old age.Most people regard their parents' and relative' life spans, and national life expectancy as benchmarks, holding the view that they are unwilling to slow the aging process for the reason that they do not want to undergo life-extending medical treatments to have their life spans extended. Besides, according to the article”The Demographic and Biomedical Case for Late-Life Interventions in Aging”, aging is commonly considered to be a main risk factor of non-communicable disease.In fact,aged people are facing greater challenges like spiritual and mental stagnation,average health status falls,lacking of progress and achievement, boredom and frailty.If the human lifespan were to be extended, they would have prolonged suffering, place enormous burden on health-care system and cause higher health care costs for society. Research showed that disease cost in the United Kingdom in 2010 was ₤40000 per minutes for dementia and ₤15,000 per minute for heart disease. In addition, extended life spans would have economic impacts on GDP, tax revenue,private pension plans, labour market. Issues would arise regarding the uncertainty between longer life expectancy and economic strategies. Moreover, natural resources influenced by overpopulation which raltive to extended lifespan, which we’re already facing shortages of, will exponentially decrease as well. We would out of fossil fuels and other non-renewable resources.
Others argue that scientists should use technologies to extend life spans. The psychologist Dr. Carstensen mentioned in “Growing Old or Living Long: Take Your Pick” that our lifespan time horizons affect our motivation, behavior, risk taking and cognitive processing.That means the longer life span would probably not only make people look and feel younger, but also including youthful behavioral patterns, people would remain productive longer. Moreover, increased lifespan would provide possibility for people to remain in the labor force longer, have lifelong learning,have more income and saving,minimize financial risk and allow people live healthier and longer lives than predecessors. Last but not least,extended life spans could be one of the most efficient and promising measures to combat disease, have productive and healthy longevity, and reduce health care costs. Because prolonged, chronic illness is a significant driver of medical costs, the large percentage of health care costs today increases the burden on the economy and society. Also,we are faced with the decline in birth rates and an increase in the number of retirees. It is probably better to investing in regenerative medicine,seeking measures to help people live longer life and keeping people young and occupied for as long as possible.
Having considered all the arguments above.I believe anti-aging research that would provide new approach to health promotion,disease prevention and allow people live longer lives deserve to be invested. But the negatives should not be ignored.
Reference
Rae, M. J., Butler, R. N., Campisi, J., de Grey, Aubrey D N J, Finch, C. E., Gough, M.. . Logan, B. J. (2010). The demographic and biomedical case for late-life interventions in aging. Science Translational Medicine, 2(40), 40cm21.
Whiteford, H. A., Degenhardt, L., Rehm, J., Baxter, A. J., Ferrari, A. J., Erskine, H. E.. . Vos, T. (2013). Global burden of disease attributable to mental and substance use disorders: Findings from the global burden of disease study 2010. Lancet (London, England), 382(9904), 1575-1586. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61611-6
Carstensen, L. L. (2007). Growing old or living long: Take your pick. Issues in Science and Technology, 23(2), 41.
OLSHANSKY, S. J., PERRY, D., MILLER, R. A., & BUTLER, R. N. (2007). Pursuing the longevity dividend.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1114(1), 11-13. doi:10.1196/annals.1396.050
Murray, C. J. L., Richards, M. A., Newton, J. N., Fenton, K. A., Anderson, H. R., Atkinson, C.. . Davis, A. (2013). UK health performance: Findings of the global burden of disease study 2010. Lancet (London, England), 381(9871), 997-1020. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60355-4
http://search.proquest.com.elibrary.jcu.edu.au/docview/1319222646?pq-origsite=summon
2016年4月3日星期日
The Best Way To Learn A Language
The Best Way To Learn A Language
Noted linguist Greg Thomson said: "The principles of learning a foreign language are so profound that nobody can expound them clearly,but the process of mastering it is so simple that nobody has to make it clear."It is very complicated to discuss the principles of the language learning. Whether there are universal orders and sequences in the acquisition of methods of learning a foreign language has become a matter of dispute, I would not dare to say that I can resolve so many sharp academic disputes concerning the foreign language teaching and learning. However new perspectives and findings of research provide us with some basic facts about the correct method for the foreign language learning.
Thinking in a foreign language. Many language learners tend to ignore that mastering a language is not based on translation-grammar method. ’Acquisition’ which is sometimes contrasted with ’learning’ refers to the incidental process where learners ’pick up’ a language without any conscious effort to master it . Adults have two independent systems for developing ability in second languages, subconscious language acquisition and conscious language learning ,subconscious language acquisition appears to be far more important(S Krashen - Second Language Learning, 1981).language acquisition which is very similar to the process children use in acquiring first and second language requires meaningful interaction in the target language-natural communication. In accordance with the theory,there are a few methods that we can implement in daily life: For early stage learners, establishing relationship between ’voice’,’images’ and target language by using some visual and auditory aids can help learners gradually increase active vocabulary, active vocabularies are words that can be readily used when speaking and writing. Moreover, If you are a little bit more advanced in your target language, start making a conscious effort to describe things around you in your target language and trying to think through some typical conversations you would normally have .
Comprehensible Input is important to the acquisition of a second language. Comprehensible input is a hypothesis first proposed by Stephen Krashen. He purposed that learners acquire language by hearing and understanding messages that are slightly above their current English language level(Comprehensible Input +1).Comprehensible input does not mean that the input contains words and phrases the students already know. A successful comprehensible input provides enough known information for learners to understand and interpret new linguistic cues.This theory provides us with the method of choosing learning materials . Several ways may contribute to the selection of comprehensive input materials and diversifying learning sources:starting reading the news,watching movies and watching YouTube or TED videos.In addition, Second language classroom might be a very good place for second language acquisition. The acquisition-rich classroom might be the most efficient solution for learners .Intake is available via meaningful and communicative activities supplied by the teacher, this may be the most directly way the classroom can promote language acquisition.
Attitudes, orientations, and motivations are necessary aspects of language learning which should not be overlooked. These aspects refers to non-linguistic variables such as self-confidence, nervousness, boredom and resistance to change .Confidence addresses an important aspect of language learning, One way to build confidence is speaking to yourself or to a camera, aside from being useful in organizing your thoughts, it also allows you to practice pronunciation.
Learning any new language takes commitment and consistent practice,a new language cannot be mastered without extensive practice and frequent immersion, but the most significant is knowing how to master a language: thinking in the target language, making improvement step by step through comprehensible input and be motivated and confident. As Keller and Keller put it (1996: 124): “Linguistic forms and images are reciprocally accessible and in interactive functioning can be mutually constitutive.
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